Background: Hypertension remains one of the leading modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although previous studies have examined hypertension prevalence in different populations, limited evidence is available regarding the relationships between hypertension, cardiovascular risk factors, knowledge, awareness, attitudes/perceptions, and medication adherence among adults residing in Armenia.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationships between high blood pressure (HBP) and demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and familial risk factors, as well as participants' knowledge, awareness, attitudes/perceptions, and adherence to antihypertensive medication among adults living in Armenia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 200 Armenian adults residing in Yerevan, Armenia. Data collection included demographic characteristics, medical and family history, blood pressure measurements, anthropometric assessments, lipid panel, glucose testing, and questionnaires evaluating knowledge, awareness, attitudes/perceptions, and medication adherence. Blood pressure was classified according to the study's predefined criteria. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis, Chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and stepwise multiple regression were performed to identify factors associated with blood pressure levels.

Results: Among the 200 participants, 56.5% were classified as prehypertensive or as hypertensive. Blood pressure levels were positively associated with increasing age, waist circumference, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride levels, waist-to-hip ratio, and a personal or family history of hypertension and heart disease. Stepwise multiple regression identified waist circumference, personal history of hypertension, total cholesterol, male sex, and older age as significant independent predictors of elevated blood pressure, explaining 52.4% of the variance in blood pressure levels. Participants demonstrated generally high knowledge regarding hypertension; however, awareness of their diagnosis and blood pressure status was comparatively low. Among individuals prescribed antihypertensive medication, only 15% achieved controlled blood pressure, while 71% exhibited low medication adherence.

Conclusions: Hypertension and prehypertension were highly prevalent among the study population and were significantly associated with several demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, and familial risk factors. Although participants generally possessed adequate knowledge regarding hypertension, awareness and adherence to antihypertensive medication remained suboptimal. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening hypertension screening, patient education, medication adherence interventions, and cardiovascular risk reduction strategies among adults in Armenia.